: The loss of almost all English territories in France following the Hundred Years' War.
: Richard, Duke of York , possessed a strong hereditary claim to the throne and challenged the king's authority. Key Battles and Turning Points War of the Roses
The fighting officially began in 1455 at the , where Yorkist forces captured the king. For the next 30 years, the crown changed hands multiple times through blood and betrayal: : The loss of almost all English territories