







Ultras reject the idea of being mere "consumers" of football. They see themselves as the soul of the club, often clashing with commercial interests and modern, "sanitized" versions of the game [5, 11].
"I see it as an act of resistance... an uprising against loneliness." [23] Ultras
These races are often called "fueling contests disguised as running races." Runners must manage complex nutrition (often real food rather than gels), gear transitions, and "low points" where the mind wants to quit [3, 17]. Ultras reject the idea of being mere "consumers" of football
Unlike road marathons, ultras often involve rugged terrain, extreme elevation changes, and sleep deprivation [3]. Success depends more on "durability" and mental fortitude than raw speed [34, 36]. an uprising against loneliness
"Ultras culture gives one a sense of community in a world that feels increasingly lonely and atomised." [5.1] On Ultramarathons
In many regions, Ultras are powerful political actors. They have played roles in revolutions (e.g., Egypt’s Arab Spring) and often represent marginalized social groups [20, 21, 27].