: Holds roughly $2.65 trillion , representing surplus payroll taxes invested in special-issue government bonds.
: Japan remains the top foreign creditor, a position it has held since surpassing China in 2019. China 's holdings have steadily declined, falling from a peak of $1.3 trillion in 2013 to under $700 billion by 2026. top us debt buyers
: Collectively hold roughly $2.1 trillion to support their liquidity and reserve requirements. Top Foreign Debt Holders (by Country) : Holds roughly $2
: These private institutional investors hold over $4.2 trillion in Treasury securities. : Holds roughly $2.65 trillion
: The United Kingdom has overtaken China as the second-largest foreign holder. This often reflects its status as a major global financial and custodial hub for hedge funds and institutional investors.