Coefficients used to predict how a submarine will react to control surface movements.
Resistance determines the power required for a submarine to move and impacts its maximum speed and acoustic signature. Friction between water and the hull surface. Submarine Hydrodynamics
Rapidly moving water can cause pressure drops, leading to cavitation —noisy bubbles that compromise stealth. Stealth and Operational Factors Coefficients used to predict how a submarine will
Avoiding turbulent "breaks" in water flow is essential to staying quiet. Submarine Hydrodynamics