: Far from a temporary "interregnum," the dictatorship established the symbols, rituals, and National-Catholic myths that would later form the ideological foundation of the Francisco Franco regime.

: Citizens were given "biometric cards" and "gymnastic record books" to track their physical and moral improvement as part of national regeneration.

: Quiroga argues that Primo de Rivera was a pioneer of right-wing populism in Spain. He utilized a sophisticated propaganda machine to spread "fake news" and vilify liberal elites, judges, and traditional politicians as enemies of the people.

Quiroga Fern... - Miguel Primo De Rivera Alejandro

: Far from a temporary "interregnum," the dictatorship established the symbols, rituals, and National-Catholic myths that would later form the ideological foundation of the Francisco Franco regime.

: Citizens were given "biometric cards" and "gymnastic record books" to track their physical and moral improvement as part of national regeneration. Miguel Primo De Rivera Alejandro Quiroga Fern...

: Quiroga argues that Primo de Rivera was a pioneer of right-wing populism in Spain. He utilized a sophisticated propaganda machine to spread "fake news" and vilify liberal elites, judges, and traditional politicians as enemies of the people. : Far from a temporary "interregnum," the dictatorship