Handles authentication, security, and location tracking.
Verifies user identities and provides security keys for encryption.
Manages call control (CC), Short Message Service (SMS), and supplementary services. Services and Security GSM – Architecture, Protocols and Services
A permanent database containing subscriber profiles and their last known location.
Often called the core network, it performs call switching and manages subscriber mobility. Key components include: Handles authentication, security, and location tracking
The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is the foundational standard for second-generation (2G) digital cellular networks. It was developed to provide a unified digital mobile system that facilitates seamless international roaming and secure voice and data services.
Manages radio transmissions over the air interface (Um interface) using a combination of FDMA and TDMA . It was developed to provide a unified digital
Includes features such as call forwarding, call waiting, and multi-party conferences.