: A snapshot of what the company owns (assets), what it owes (liabilities), and the value left for shareholders (equity).

Ratios allow investors to compare companies of different sizes or within the same industry: Fundamental Analysis: Principles, Types, and How to Use It

: Shows revenue, expenses, and net profit over a period of time to track profitability trends.

: A deep dive into an individual firm’s financial statements, management quality, and competitive advantages (often called a "moat"). The Quantitative "Toolbox"

: Tracks the actual cash moving in and out, which is vital for seeing if a company can pay its bills regardless of "paper" profits. Key Financial Ratios