Several high-profile vulnerabilities recently utilized exploit.py for their PoCs:
If you found this file on your system and did not place it there, treat it as a Critical Security Incident . Do not run it.
The script allows an attacker to execute commands on a target server using an interactive shell or a list of targets.
In many computer science security courses (like those at UNC or Buffalo ), exploit.py is a template provided to students to learn about memory corruption.
Check for unauthorized access or suspicious web server logs.