A stub is a dummy module that simulates a . It is used when the main module is ready for testing, but the sub-modules it depends on are still being built.

A driver is a temporary piece of code that simulates a . It "drives" the module under test by providing inputs and initiating execution. Difference between Stubs and Drivers - GeeksforGeeks

Primarily used in Top-Down Integration Testing .

Create a Stub for the Database. When the Login module calls checkUser() , the Stub simply returns true (success) without actually searching a real database. This allows you to verify if the Login module correctly redirects the user to the dashboard. 2. Drivers (The "Calling" Program)

It is passive; it waits to be called and returns hardcoded or predefined data. Example Scenario:

A "Login" module that needs to verify credentials against a "Database" module. The Problem: The Database module isn't finished yet.

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