To is to divide a larger region or country into smaller, mutually hostile states or groups. This process is often driven by conflicting ethnic, religious, or political interests. Key Characteristics

: The disintegration of the USSR into 15 independent republics is a classic 20th-century example.

: The term originated from the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century and was cemented by the violent breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s.

: The primary feature is the breaking apart of a unified political entity into multiple independent units.