Bacterium

Common forms include cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod-shaped), and spirilla (spiral).

Bacteria reproduce asexually through , a process where a single cell duplicates its DNA and splits into two identical daughter cells. Under optimal conditions, some species can double their population every 20 minutes. They can also exchange DNA through conjugation , which allows for the rapid spread of traits like antibiotic resistance. 3. Ecological and Industrial Importance bacterium

They break down organic matter, recycling carbon and nutrients back into the ecosystem. They can also exchange DNA through conjugation ,

Scientists use a Gram stain to classify them. Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer that retains purple dye, while Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner layer and an outer membrane, appearing pink. Scientists use a Gram stain to classify them

Engineered bacteria produce insulin, vaccines, and enzymes used in detergents. 4. Human Health and the Microbiome