Arq

The sender transmits one frame and waits for an ACK before sending the next. Pros: Simple implementation.

Only the specific lost or corrupted frame is retransmitted, rather than the entire window. Pros: Highly efficient utilization of bandwidth. The sender transmits one frame and waits for

g., protocol efficiency calculations, equations) or a ? Do youg., mobile networks, satellite)? Pros: Highly efficient utilization of bandwidth

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Requires complex buffering and ordering at the receiver. 4. Performance Considerations

combines traditional ARQ with Forward Error Correction (FEC) . The receiver attempts to correct small errors using error-correcting codes; if the error is too great, a retransmission is requested. This approach, specifically Type-II Hybrid ARQ , provides a more efficient approach in poor radio conditions, optimizing throughput. 6. Conclusion